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''The Yuquot Whalers' Shrine'' (known also as 'prayer house' or 'washing house'), previously located on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, was a site of purification rituals, passed down through the family of the Yuquot Chief who owned the Shrine. It contained a collection of 88 carved human figures, four carved whale figures, and sixteen human skulls. The Shrine was first described in first-hand accounts in 1785 by early western explorers as a Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth) ceremonial site; the actual origin of the Shrine is unclear. Anthropologist Aldona Jonaitis believes a text of Camille de Roquefeuil written in 1818 provides the first conclusive evidence of the Shrine’s existence from the perspective of multiple people. Rituals performed at the Shrine are of some contention, with more recent texts from anthropologists Franz Boas and Philip Drucker describing the ritual as involving the use of skulls or corpses that do not appear in the earlier French texts of de Roquefeuil and his ship’s surgeon Yves-Thomas Vimont.〔 What is known is that it was of considerable importance given the Nuu-chah-nulth’s long history of whaling, going back at least 4000 years. It has been suggested that it was late in the winter canning season of 1900/early 1901 that George Hunt learned of this ‘mysterious’ Shrine in the forest near Yuquot. Hunt initiated communications with Franz Boas about the existence of the Shrine and he photographed it meticulously to gauge Boas’ (who at the time was employed by the American Museum of Natural History) interest in 1903 and found him excited to purchase it. Two elders claimed they had power to give permission to remove the Shrine and Hunt negotiated a price with both of them with the condition was he was to wait until the band left for the hunt before removing the Shrine as they feared a backlash. It was in 1904 that the Shrine was moved to the AMNH where is remains today, yet to be fully displayed. == Franz Boas, George Hunt, and Salvage Anthropology == George Hunt, upon removal of the Shrine, wrote to Boas to tell him, “It was the best thing I ever bought from the Indians”.〔 For Boas, the acquisition of the Whalers' Shrine became a defining 'historical moment', and marked a new direction in his 'new found obsession' with regard to the museum, its collections, and displays. Anthropologist Harry Whitehead has been especially outspoken about the methods used by George Hunt and Franz Boas in acquiring artefacts (and specifically the Whalers’ Shrine). He believes that they contributed significantly to the perpetuation of salvage anthropology through their frequent collection and cataloguing of First Nations or American Indian objects. Whitehead says that in an attempt to save artefacts of the Nuu-chah-nulth before they ‘disappeared', they accelerated the destruction of their ‘traditional culture'. Furthermore, their public display and photographs of the artefacts collected prompted others to follow suit in collecting for their own institutions, which exacerbated the situation and led to years of misrepresentation of many groups of people and artefacts taken under false pretences.〔 Aaron Glass, anthropologist of the Northwest Coast, has said that Hunt and Boas directly influenced photographers and anthropologists looking to capture Nuu-chah-nulth culture before it ‘disappeared’, continuing the practice of salvage ethnography and anthropology. He writes that famous photographer Edward Curtis (spurred on by Hunt’s photographs to make his own of the Nuu-chah-nulth) was interventionist in his work and added things for visual effect and interest, encouraging the romanticizing of a ‘lost culture’ typical of salvage ethnography. George Hunt himself, under disguise, posed as a member of the Nuu-chah-nulth to demonstrate his interpretation of certain ceremonies in 1910 for Curtis’ camera.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yuquot Whalers' Shrine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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